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American vocalist (1938–2012)

Etta James
James performing in France in July 1990
Background data
Nascency name	Jamesetta Hawkins
Built-in	(1938-01-25)Jan 25, 1938 Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Died	January 20, 2012(2012-01-20) (anile 73) Riverside, California, U.South.
Genres	Blues R&B soul jazz rock and roll gospel
Occupation(s)	Singer
Years agile	1954–2012
Labels	Modern Chess MCA Argo Crown Cadet Isle PolyGram Private RCA RCA Victor Elektra Virgin EMI Verve Forecast Universal Ace Records Dejection Interaction, Inc.
Associated acts	Harvey Fuqua Johnny Otis Saccharide Pie DeSanto

Musical artist

Jamesetta Hawkins (January 25, 1938 – Jan 20, 2012), known professionally every bit Etta James, was an American singer who performed in various genres, including dejection, R&B, soul, rock and roll, jazz, and gospel. Starting her career in 1954, she gained fame with hits such as "The Wallflower", "At Terminal", "Tell Mama", "Something's Got a Hold on Me", and "I'd Rather Go Blind".^[1] She faced a number of personal problems, including heroin addiction, severe physical abuse, and incarceration, earlier making a musical comeback in the late 1980s with the album Vii Year Itch.^[2]

James'due south deep and bawdy vocalism bridged the gap between rhythm and blues and rock and roll. She won six Grammy Awards and 17 Blues Music Awards. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2001.^[iii] Rolling Stone magazine ranked James number 22 on its list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Fourth dimension; she was also ranked number 62 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Fourth dimension.^{[4] [5]} Billboard 's 2015 list of The 35 Greatest R&B Artists Of All Time includes James, whose "gutsy, take-no-prisoner vocals colorfully interpreted everything from dejection and R&B/soul to rock n'roll, jazz and gospel".^[half-dozen]

Life and career [edit]

1938–1959: Childhood and career ancestry [edit]

Hawkins was born on January 25, 1938, in Los Angeles, California, to Dorothy Hawkins, who was fourteen at the time. Although her father has never been identified,^[7] James speculated that she was the daughter of puddle actor Rudolf "Minnesota Fats" Wanderone, whom she met briefly in 1987.^[8] Her female parent was frequently absent from their flat in Watts, conducting relationships with various men, and James lived with a series of foster parents, about notably "Sarge" and "Mama" Lu. James referred to her mother as "the Mystery Lady".^[7]

James received her first professional vocal training at the age of v from James Earle Hines, musical manager of the Echoes of Eden choir at the St. Paul Baptist Church, in South-Primal Los Angeles. Under his tutelage, she suffered physical abuse during her formative years, with her teacher oftentimes punching her in the chest while she sang to force her voice to come from her gut. As a effect, she developed an unusually potent voice for a child her age.^[ix]

Sarge, like the musical director for the choir, was also abusive. During drunken poker games at home, he would awaken James in the early morning hours and force her with beatings to sing for his friends. The trauma of her foster father forcing her to sing under these humiliating circumstances caused her to have difficulties with singing on demand throughout her career.^[ten]

In 1950, Mama Lu died, and James's biological mother took her to the Fillmore district of San Francisco.^[eleven] Within a couple of years, she began listening to doo-wop and was inspired to grade a girl group, the Creolettes (so named for the members' light-skinned complexions).

At the age of fourteen, she met musician Johnny Otis. Stories on how they met vary. In Otis's version, she came to his hotel after ane of his performances in the city and persuaded him to audition her. Another story was that Otis spotted the Creolettes performing at a Los Angeles nightclub and sought for them to record his "answer song" to Hank Ballard'due south "Work with Me, Annie". Otis took the group under his fly, helping them sign to Modern Records and changing their proper name from the Creolettes to the Peaches.^[12] He also gave the vocaliser her stage name, transposing Jamesetta into Etta James. James recorded the version, for which she was given credit equally co-author, in 1954, and the record was released in early on 1955 as "The Wallflower". The original title of the vocal was "Roll with Me, Henry", but it was changed to avoid censorship due to the off-color championship (roll implying sexual activity). In February of that year, the song reached number one on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Tracks chart.^[13] Its success gave the group an opening spot on Niggling Richard's national bout.^[14]

While James was on tour with Richard, popular singer Georgia Gibbs recorded a version of James's song, which was released under the title "Dance With Me, Henry" and became a crossover hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100, which angered James. After leaving the Peaches, James had another R&B hitting with "Skillful Rockin' Daddy" but struggled with follow-ups. When her contract with Modern came upwardly for renewal in 1960, she signed a contract with Chess Records instead. Before long afterward she was involved in a relationship with the singer Harvey Fuqua, the founder of the doo-wop grouping the Moonglows.

Co-ordinate to a reliable source, "James was one of endless Black superstars who performed in Nashville's famed R&B clubs ... on the so-chosen "Chitlin Circuit" in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s".^[15]

Musician Bobby Murray toured with James for over 20 years. He wrote that James had her first hit single when she was fifteen years old and went steady with B.B. King when she was 16. James believed that King's striking single "Sweetness 16" was about her.^[16] In early 1955, she and an aspiring singer, the 19-twelvemonth-old Elvis Presley, then recording for Sunday Studios and an avid fan of King'southward, shared a bill in a large order just exterior Memphis. In her autobiography, she noted how impressed she was with the young singer's manners. She as well recalled how happy he fabricated her many years after when she found out that it was Presley who had moved her close friend Jackie Wilson from a substandard ambulatory home to a more advisable facility and, every bit she put it, paid all the expenses. Presley died a year afterward. Wilson went on to live for another ten years in the care center Presley found for him.

1960–1978: Chess and Warner Brothers years [edit]

Dueting with Harvey Fuqua, James recorded for Argo Records (later renamed Cadet Records), a label established by Chess. Her kickoff hitting singles with Fuqua were "If I Tin't Have You" and "Spoonful". Her first solo hit was the doo-wop–styled rhythm-and-blues song "All I Could Do Was Cry", which was a number two R&B hit.^[17] Chess Records co-founder Leonard Chess envisioned James as a classic carol stylist who had potential to cross over to the pop charts and shortly surrounded the vocalist with violins and other string instruments.^[17] The start string-laden ballad James recorded was "My Love Darling" in May 1960, which peaked in the elevation five of the R&B chart. James sang groundwork vocals for her labelmate Chuck Berry on his "Back in the U.Due south.A."^{[eighteen] [xix]}

Her debut album, At Last!, was released in belatedly 1960 and was noted for its varied selection of music, from jazz standards to dejection to doo-wop and rhythm and blues (R&B).^[20] The album included the future classic "I But Want to Make Love to You" and "A Sunday Kind of Dearest". In early 1961, James released what was to become her signature song, "At Terminal", which reached number two on the R&B chart and number 47 on the Billboard Hot 100. Though the record was not as successful every bit expected, her rendition has get the best-known version of the song.^[18] James followed that with "Trust in Me", which also included string instruments.^[17] Later that same year, James released a second studio album, The Second Time Around. The album took the same direction as her first, covering jazz and pop standards and with strings on many of the songs. It produced two hit singles, "Fool That I Am" and "Don't Weep Baby".^[21]

James started calculation gospel elements in her music the following twelvemonth, releasing "Something's Got a Hold on Me", which peaked at number four on the R&B chart and was a Peak forty pop hitting.^[22] That success was apace followed by "Cease the Wedding", which reached number six on the R&B chart and also had gospel elements.^[xviii] In 1963, she had some other major striking with "Pushover" and released the alive anthology Etta James Rocks the House, recorded at the New Era Lodge in Nashville, Tennessee.^[17] Subsequently a couple of years of minor hits, James's career started to suffer after 1965. Afterward a period of isolation, she returned to recording in 1967 and reemerged with more gutsy R&B numbers cheers to her recording at the legendary FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. These sessions yielded her improvement hit "Tell Mama", co-written by Clarence Carter, which reached number ten R&B and number twenty-three pop. An album of the aforementioned name was also released that yr and included her take on Otis Redding's "Security".^[23] The B-side of "Tell Mama" was "I'd Rather Get Bullheaded", which became a dejection classic and has been recorded by many other artists. In her autobiography, Rage to Survive, she wrote that she heard the song outlined by her friend Ellington "Fugi" Jordan when she visited him in prison.^[24] According to her account, she wrote the rest of the song with Jordan, but for revenue enhancement reasons gave her songwriting credit to her partner at the time, Baton Foster.

Following this success, James became an in-demand concert performer though she never once again reached the heyday of her early on to mid-1960s success. Her records continued to chart in the R&B Meridian 40 in the early 1970s, with singles such as "Losers Weepers" (1970) and "I Found a Love" (1972). Though James continued to record for Chess, she was devastated past the death of Leonard Chess in 1969. James ventured into rock and funk with the release of her self-titled album in 1973, with production from the famed rock producer Gabriel Mekler, who had worked with Steppenwolf and Janis Joplin, who had admired James and had covered "Tell Mama" in concert. The album, known for its mixture of musical styles, was nominated for a Grammy Award.^[23] The album did not produce whatsoever major hits; neither did the follow-up, Come a Petty Closer, in 1974, though, like Etta James earlier it, the album was also critically acclaimed.^{[ citation needed ]} In 1975, James opened up for comedian Richard Pryor at the Shubert Theatre in Los Angeles.^[25]

James continued to tape for Chess (at present owned by All Platinum Records), releasing one more anthology in 1976, Etta Is Betta Than Evvah! Her 1978 album Deep in the Night, produced by Jerry Wexler for Warner Bros., incorporated more rock-based music in her repertoire.^[17] That aforementioned year, James was the opening human activity for the Rolling Stones and performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival. Post-obit this brief success, however, she left Chess Records and did not record for another ten years equally she struggled with drug habit and alcoholism.

1982–2012: Later career [edit]

James connected to perform on occasion in the early 1980s, including two guest appearances at Grateful Expressionless concerts in December 1982.^[26] and was a guest on John Mayall'due south Blues Breakers 1982 reunion testify in New Jersey.In 1984, she contacted David Wolper and asked to perform in the opening anniversary of the 1984 Summer Olympics, at which she sang "When the Saints Go Marching In".^[27] In 1987, she performed "Stone and Roll Music" with Chuck Drupe in the documentary film Hail! Hail! Rock 'due north' Gyre.^[28]

In 1989, she signed with Island Records and released the albums Seven Yr Itch and Stickin' to My Guns, both of which were produced past Barry Beckett and recorded at FAME Studios.^[23] Besides in 1989 James was filmed in a concert at the Wiltern Theater in Los Angeles with Joe Walsh and Albert Collins for the film Jazzvisions: Jump the Blues Abroad. Many of the bankroll musicians were top-flight players from Los Angeles: Rick Rosas (bass), Michael Huey (drums), Ed Sanford (Hammond B3 organ), Kip Noble (pianoforte) and Josh Sklair, her longtime guitar thespian.

James participated with the rap singer Def Jef on the song "Droppin' Rhymes on Drums", which mixed James's jazz vocals with hip-hop. In 1992, she recorded the album The Right Time, produced past Jerry Wexler for Elektra Records. She was inducted into the Rock and Coil Hall of Fame in 1993.^[13]

James signed with Private Music Records in 1993 and recorded a Billie Holiday tribute anthology, Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Holiday.^[22] The anthology set a trend of incorporating more jazz elements in James's music.^[17] The album won James her first Grammy Laurels, for Best Jazz Vocal Operation, Female, in 1994. In 1995, her autobiography, A Rage to Survive, co-written with David Ritz, was published. Also in 1995, she recorded the album Fourth dimension Afterwards Time. A Christmas anthology, Etta James Christmas, was released in 1998.^[17]

By the mid-1990s, James'south earlier archetype music was being used in commercials, including "I Merely Wanna Brand Beloved to You". Later an extract of the song was featured in a Diet Coke advert entrada in the UK, it reached the peak 10 on the United kingdom charts in 1996.^[13]

Past 1998, with the release of Life, Dearest & the Dejection, she had added as backing musicians her sons, Donto and Sametto, on drums and bass, respectively.^[29] They connected as part of her touring band. She went on recording for Private Music, which released the blues album Matriarch of the Blues in 2000, on which she returned to her R&B roots; Rolling Stone hailed it as a "solid return to roots", further stating that with this album she was "reclaiming her throne—and defying anyone to knock her off it".^[22] In 2001, she was inducted into the Dejection Hall of Fame and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, the latter for her contributions to the developments of both rock and roll and rockabilly. In 2003, she received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. On her 2004 release, Blue Gardenia, she returned to a jazz style. Her terminal album for Individual Music, Let's Whorl, released in 2005, won the Grammy Laurels for Best Contemporary Blues Album.^[30]

In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked her number 62 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.^[31]

James performed at the top jazz festivals in the earth, such every bit the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1977, 1989, 1990 and 1993.^[32] She performed nine times at the legendary Monterey Jazz Festival and 5 times at the San Francisco Jazz Festival. She performed at the Playboy Jazz Festival in 1990, 1997, 2004, and 2007.^[33] She performed six times at the Due north Sea Jazz Festival, in 1978, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1993.^[34] She performed at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival in 2006, 2009, and 2012. She also often performed at complimentary summer arts festivals throughout the United States.

James at the 2006 Common Ground Festival in Lansing, Michigan

In 2008, James was portrayed by Beyoncé Knowles in the film Cadillac Records, a fictional account of Chess Records, James's characterization for 18 years, and how characterization founder and producer Leonard Chess helped the careers of James and others.^[35] The picture show portrayed "At Terminal". James later said that her previous critical remarks nigh Knowles for having performed "At Last" at the inauguration of Barack Obama were a joke stemming from how she felt hurt that she herself was not invited to sing her vocal.^[36] It was later on reported that Alzheimer'southward disease and "drug-induced dementia" had contributed to her negative comments about Knowles.^[37]

In April 2009, at the age of 71, James made her last television appearance, performing "At Final" on the program Dancing with the Stars. In May 2009, she received the Soul/Blues Female Artist of the Year award from the Blues Foundation, the ninth time she won the award. She carried on touring merely past 2010 had to abolish concert dates because of her gradually failing health, later on it was revealed that she was suffering from dementia and leukemia. In Nov 2011, James released her final album, The Dreamer, which was critically acclaimed upon its release. She announced that this would be her terminal album. Her continuing relevance was affirmed in 2011 when the late Swedish DJ Avicii achieved substantial chart success with the vocal "Levels", which samples her 1962 song "Something's Got a Hold on Me". The same sample was used by the eastward coast rapper Flo Rida in his 2011 hit unmarried "Good Feeling". Both artists issued statements of condolence upon James's death.^[38]

James was amid hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.^[39]

Style and influence [edit]

James possessed the song range of a contralto.^[40] Her musical style changed during the grade of her career. At the beginning of her recording career, in the mid-1950s, James was marketed equally an R&B and doo-wop singer.^[17] Later on signing with Chess Records in 1960, James broke through as a traditional pop-styled vocalizer, covering jazz and pop music standards on her debut album, At Concluding! ^[41] James'due south phonation deepened and coarsened, moving her musical way in her after years into the genres of soul and jazz.^[17]

James was once considered 1 of the most overlooked dejection and R&B musicians in the music history of the United States. It was not until the early 1990s, when she began receiving major industry awards from the Grammys and the Blues Foundation, that she received wide recognition. In contempo years,^{[ when? ]} she was seen as bridging the gap between rhythm and blues and rock and whorl. James has influenced a broad variety of musicians, including Diana Ross, Christina Aguilera, Janis Joplin, Brandy, Bonnie Raitt, Shemekia Copeland,^[22] Beth Hart and Hayley Williams of Paramore^[42] as well every bit British artists The Rolling Stones,^[43] Elkie Brooks,^[44] Paloma Faith,^[45] Joss Stone,^[46] Rita Ora, Amy Winehouse, and Adele,^[47] and the Belgian singer Dani Klein.

Her song "Something'south Got a Hold on Me" has been recognized in many ways. Brussels music act Vaya Con Dios covered the song on their 1990 anthology Night Owls. Another version, performed past Christina Aguilera, was in the 2010 film Burlesque. Pretty Lights sampled the song in "Finally Moving", followed by Avicii's dance hit "Levels", and once again in Flo Rida'south unmarried "Skillful Feeling".

Personal life [edit]

Nation of Islam [edit]

James knew Malcolm X and was a member of the Nation of Islam for around 10 years, taking the proper noun Jamesetta Ten.^[48]

Marriage and children [edit]

James was married to Artis Mills from 1969 until her death in 2012.^{[49] [l]}

James had 2 sons, Donto James and Sametto James, born to different fathers.^[51] Both started performing with their female parent — Donto played drums at Montreux in 1993, and Sametto played bass guitar circa 2003.^[52]

Legal difficulties and drug addiction [edit]

By the mid-1960s, James was addicted to heroin. She bounced checks, forged prescriptions and stole from her friends to finance her addiction.^[53] James was arrested in 1966 for writing bad checks. She was placed on probation and ordered to pay a $500 fine.^[54] In 1969, she spent 10 days in prison for violating probation.^[49]

James encountered a string of legal problems during the early 1970s due to her heroin addiction. She was continuously in and out of rehabilitation centers, including the Tarzana Handling Centers, in Los Angeles, California. Her hubby Artis Mills accepted responsibility when they were both arrested for heroin possession and served a 10-year prison sentence.^[55] He was released from prison in 1981.^[22]

In 1973, James was arrested for possession of heroin.^[56] In 1974, James was sentenced to drug treatment instead of serving time in prison. During this period, she became addicted to methadone and would mix her doses with heroin.^[49] She was in the Tarzana Psychiatric Hospital for 17 months, at the age of 36, and went through a swell struggle at the start of treatment. In her autobiography, she said that the time she spent in the hospital changed her life. Subsequently leaving treatment, however, her substance abuse continued after she adult a relationship with a human being who was also using drugs.

In 1988, at the age of 50, James entered the Betty Ford Centre, in Rancho Mirage, California, for treatment.^[22] In 2010, James received treatment for a dependency on painkillers.^[57]

Affliction and decease [edit]

James was hospitalized in January 2010 to treat an infection caused by MRSA, a bacterium resistant to many antibiotics. During her hospitalization, her son Donto revealed that she had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's affliction in 2008.^[37]

James was diagnosed with leukemia in early 2011. The disease became terminal, and her husband Artis Mills was appointed sole conservator of the James manor and to oversee her medical care.^[58] She died on January 20, 2012, 5 days before her 74th birthday, at Riverside Community Hospital in Riverside, California.^{[59] [lx]} Her death came 3 days afterwards that of Johnny Otis, the man who had discovered her in the 1950s. Thirty-six days after her death, her sideman Red Holloway died.^[61]

James's tomb at Inglewood Park Cemetery

Her funeral was presided over by Reverend Al Sharpton and took place in Gardena, California eight days afterwards her death. Stevie Wonder and Christina Aguilera gave a musical tribute. She was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Los Angeles Canton, California.

Discography [edit]

Studio albums

• At Last! (1960)
• The 2d Time Around (1961)
• Etta James (1962)
• Etta James Sings for Lovers (1962)
• Etta James Height 10 (1963)
• The Queen of Soul (1965)
• Call My Name (1966)
• Tell Mama (1968)
• Etta James Sings Funk (1970)
• Losers Weepers (1971)
• Etta James (1973)
• Come up a Piddling Closer (1974)
• Etta Is Betta Than Evvah! (1976)
• Deep in the Night (1978)
• Changes (1980)
• Vii Year Itch (1988)
• Stickin' to My Guns (1990)
• The Right Time (1992)
• Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Vacation (1994)
• Fourth dimension Subsequently Fourth dimension (1995)
• Beloved's Been Crude on Me (1997)
• Life, Love & the Blues (1998)
• Heart of a Woman (1999)
• Matriarch of the Blues (2000)
• Blue Gardenia (2001)
• Let'south Roll (2003)
• Blues to the Os (2004)
• All the Way (2006)
• The Dreamer (2011)

Awards [edit]

From 1989, James received over thirty awards and recognitions from eight different organizations, including the Rock and Scroll Hall of Fame and Museum^[62] and the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences which organizes the Grammys.^[63]

In 1989, the newly formed Rhythm and Blues Foundation included James in their kickoff Pioneer Awards for artists whose "lifelong contributions accept been instrumental in the development of Rhythm & Blues music".^[64] The post-obit year, 1990, she received an NAACP Epitome Award, which is given for "outstanding achievements and performances of people of color in the arts";^[65] an honor she cherished as information technology "was coming from my own people".^[66] In 2020 James was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame

• In 1993, James was inducted into the Rock and Ringlet Hall of Fame
• In 2001, James was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame
• In 2003, James received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7080 Hollywood Blvd^[67]
• In 2005, James was inducted into Hollywood's Rockwalk^[68]
• In 2006, James received the Billboard R&B Founders Award^[69]

Grammys [edit]

The Grammy Awards are awarded annually past the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. James has received six Grammy Awards. Her first was in 1995, when she was awarded Best Jazz Vocal Functioning for the album Mystery Lady, which consisted of covers of Billie Vacation songs.^[70] Two other albums have also won awards, Let's Roll (Best Contemporary Blues Album) in 2003, and Blues to the Bone (Best Traditional Blues Album) in 2004. Two of her early songs have been given Grammy Hall of Fame Awards for "qualitative or historical significance": "At Last", in 1999,^[71] and "The Wallflower (Trip the light fantastic toe with Me, Henry)" in 2008.^[72] In 2003, she was given the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.^{[73] [74]}

Dejection Foundation [edit]

The members of the Blues Foundation, a nonprofit system fix up in Memphis, Tennessee, to foster the blues and its heritage,^[75] have nominated James for a Blues Music Honor about every year since its founding in 1980; and she received some form of Blues Female Artist of the Year award 14 times since 1989, continuously from 1999 to 2007.^[76] Her albums Life, Dearest, & the Blues (1999), Burnin' Downward the House (2003), and Let's Roll (2004) were awarded Soul/Blues Anthology of the Yr,^[76] and in 2001 she was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.^[lxx]

Books [edit]

• Rage To Survive: The Etta James Story by David Ritz with Etta James ISBN 9780306812620
• American Legends: The Life of Etta James by Charles River Editors, ISBN 9781505670493

References [edit]

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Sources

• Gulla, Bob (2007). Icons of R&B and Soul, Vol. one. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-34044-7.
• James, Etta; Ritz, David (1998). Rage to Survive: The Etta James Story. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81262-ii.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Etta James.

• Tim Jonze, "Etta James, dejection icon, dies aged 73", The Guardian, January 20, 2012.
• Etta James at AllMusic

carswellnegards.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etta_James

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